Fewer singles and more albums turned out to be the recipe for success, and little by little, the 78s lost traction. As music artists gained popularity, their audiences wanted more from them. It didn’t catch on at the time – the 45s replaced the 78s for singles only. The record company RCA Victor also released EPs (Extended Play) as 45s. It was smaller (7-inch), yet the grooves were closer together. The 45 arrived a year later, as competition to the LP. It played at 33 RPM, and it appeared in 2 formats: 10 inches and 12 inches. The LP (Long Play) came into existence in 1948. Both the public and the music industry loved it, so they researched making even longer playing records. Vinyl didn’t make as much noise when the needle was pressing onto it. The sound of the 33s was incomparably better than the one coming out of the 78s. 33s also came in acetate form, which the radio industry was using to tape their shows at the time. They still had the same grooves used in the original 78s. Their speed had to go down from 78 to 33 1⁄3 revolutions per minute. The pieces of vinyl were increased to 16 inches and could play 11 minutes of sound. The movie industry first introduced them for soundtrack purposes in 1926. Records made out of vinyl could also store more sound. It didn’t weigh as much, it wasn’t as noisy as shellac, and it broke less easily. Polyvinyl chloride appeared to be the next best thing. (2) The Invention of Vinyl Recordsīecause shellac wasn’t the lightest of substances, record companies were looking for other solutions. It wasn’t until after WW2 ended that the industry introduced vinyl records. They were single-sided, so the record limit was a song or two max. The first 78s could only store about 3 to 5 minutes worth of music. That was when Berliner produced the first automatic gramophone, which could play at a higher speed. They were hand-cranked up until the 1910s. Vintage turntables needed a person to operate them. When a gramophone needle traced the markings, it created vibrations. The records had grooves carved in that contained the sound info. Because shellac was sturdier and moisture-resistant, it quickly became the medium of choice. These materials were too fragile and incapable of being used for mass distribution. (2)īefore this, companies made records from glass and zinc. This resin mixes with alcohol, and a new component, shellac, gets made. It comes from a resin that lac bugs leave on trees. Shellac was the material most commonly used to make 78s. It then spread throughout the entire record industry. Later on, the standard became 78 RPM due to the speed of the manufacturing machines. Since 1894, Berliner’s Gramophone Company started selling 70 RPM 7-inch records. In the beginning, the speeds varied from 60 to 130 RPM. It represents how many times it can spin on the record player in a single minute. The name ‘78’ comes from the number of revolutions per minute (RPM) this record plays at. The public is less interested in the 78s due to their obscureness and lack of proper use. Industry demands have a lot to do with the types of records circulating. Vintage turntables can do the job, but they are hard to come by and even harder to maintain. Since 78s have been out of production for years, the chances are a turntable to play them on won’t be easy to find. 33s come up in record stores or online sales, but they aren’t in demand as much. This format is beloved among record companies, as it can contain a full album. This essentially includes 45s, also known as LPs. Vinyl production has reappeared in recent times. Most of the time, a single turntable only plays one kind of record at a time. There are record players that can play both 33s and 45s. It’s not possible to play any type of record on any turntable. The younger generations are here for it too, and they’re in need of some vinyl 101. DJs and music connoisseurs aren’t the only ones thrilled to dust off their worn-out turntables. Vinyl has been making such a comeback in the last decade or so, and it looks like it’s not stopping anytime soon. The first is the size of the record, the second comes down to the material, and the third includes revelations per minute (RPM). There are several significant things to consider to help differentiate between 33, 45, and 78 records. Any vinyl enthusiast in the making has had this question in mind: How can I recognize which record format fits me best? The answer is the type of record player used and the RPM of the record in question. There’s a lot of talk about the differences between 33, 45, and 78 records.
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